Loom for weaving pile fabrics



Oct. 30, 1928. 1,689,384

, J. E. GROSVENOR ET AL LOOM FOR WEAVING FILE FABRICS Filed Jan. 27, 1928 FIG. 5. FIG.6.

FIGLS.

FIG. 3.

FIG-4.

A, waay y Patented Oct. 30, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN ERNEST GROSVENOR, OF HAGLEY, AND WILLIAM: THOMAS PICKING, OF KIDDER- MINSTER, ENGLAND, ASSIGNORS, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO M. J. WHITTAL AS- SOCIATES, LTD., A VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

LOOM FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS.

Application filed January 27, 1928, Serial No. 249,920, and in Great Britain December 4, 1926.

This invention relates to looms for weaving pile fabrics and refers to looms of the kind wherein the pile threads are brought to the fabric as warp ends and wherein the pile threads are selected for the surface by be ing raised above the other warp ends and are caused to form loops over longitudinally arranged hooks or needles, these loops subsequently being cut or severed to form the pile.

A loom of this kind is described in our prior specification No. 1,463,886 wherein we have described a method of causing the pile threads to engage over the hooks by moving either the pile threads or the hooks laterally.

In the class of loom to which this inven tion relates where a patterned fabric is to be produced it is necessary that a plurality of pile threads should be provided for each hook so that the pattern on the pile can be formed by selecting threads of different colours to form the pattern.

For forming a. patterned carpet we may, for instance, provide four or five or even a greater number of pile threads, usually of different colours, for each hook and these pile threads are arranged side by side and form a group, one group for each hook, all the threads of a group passing through a single space in the reed.

It is necessary when forming the loops on the hooks for each of the hooks in the loom to engage upon the same side of the selected pile thread in its group which is going to form the loop, and since the thread selected in any group may be any one of the several threads in said group it is clearly necessary for the forward end of the hook to be disposed at one side of the group of'pile threads with which it is associated, or the hook lllllSiZ' be laterally movable, or the threads must be laterally movable.

It is, however, desirable that the shank of the hook or the main part thereof should be disposed as nearly as possible in line with the centre of the group of pile threads with which it engages, otherwise the tension on the threads will bend the hook seriously to one side and make it unserviceable.

The object of the present invention is to construct the hooks so that each hook may engage with any selected pile thread of a group without becoming bent by the tension on the thread and according to the present invention the main part of the shank of the hook is placed substantially centrally with respect to the group of pile threads with which it is associated, while the forward end of the hook is cranked or offset, either by cutting away or ,reoessing its lower edge so that when the hook is turned laterally the forward part of its lower edge is thrown laterally to the side of the group of pile threads, or by offsetting or cranking the shank of the hook near its forward end so that the forward end of the hook is disposed to one side (laterally) of the main part of the shank of the hook.

In constructions wherein the hook is to be given a tilting movement about a longitudinal axis before entering the lash, the upturned portion of the hook may be canted or inclined relatively to the plane of the shank of the hook so that after the hook has been given its angular turning movement before entering the lash, the upturned part of the hook will be substantially vertical and will thus pass more readily between the threads without fouling.

Referring to the drawings Figure 1 is a view in side elevation showing one form of hook constructed in accordance with our invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view.

Figure 3 is a view in side elevation showing another form of hook constructed in accordance with our invention. Figure 4 is a plan view thereof. Y Figure 5 is an end view showing a modified form of hook; and

Figure 6 is an end View showing the hook illustrated in Figure 5after it has been turned through an angle and before being advanced into the lash. V

In the construction illustrated in Figures land 2 wherein the hooks 1 are arranged to be turned laterally about an axis a-Z) disposed along the lower edge of the main part 2 of the shank of the hook, the forward part of the lower edge of the hook is cut away as shown at 3 for a considerable portion of the depth of the hook. and where this 'recessing finishes an inclined shoulder 4 is formed so that the lower edge of the hook will not foul the threads or the woven fabric during the reciprocating longitudinal movement of the hook.

The upper edge 5 of the shank of the hook is straight as usual and the main part 2 of the shank of the hook is of a depth to suitthe depth of pile to be formed and it is only the forward end of the shank of the hook for say, three quarters of an inch that is of reduced depth.

Sharp corners at the cut away portion of i the shank of the hook are avoided by rounding off the edges and also rounding off the inclined shoulder 4 formed where the depth ofthe shank increases.

. Inoperation the hooks are arranged so that the shank of each is normally in a vertical plane and when the pile threads are raised, in some groups the raised threadmay be disposed say at the left hand edge of. the group while in other groups it may be at the right hand edge and consequently the hooks which are arranged substantially in line with the centre of the corresponding groups will in some cases be on the right hand side and in some cases on the left hand side of the said raised threads. Before the hooks pass into the raised lash of pile threads, however, they are turned through an angle either to the right or the left so that the lower edge 3 of the forward part of the hook moves sufficiently far to one side or the other to pass to the correct side of the raised thread in its group. The hooks may subsequently be given another angular or turning movement in the opposite direction before being withdrawn to form: the loop. The edge 3, shoulder 4: and axis a-b form together what is virtually a crank.

The mechanism for thus tilting the hooks forms no part of our invention and may be of any suitable construction. For an illustration of one form of such mechanism, reference is made to the prior British Patent No. 255,200, filedvJune 5, 1925 and accepted July 22, 1926.

The cutting away or recessing of the forward ends of the shanks of the hooks extends sutliciently far along the length of the shank so that there is no danger of the shoulder 4- formed on the hook between the cut away portion and the portion of full depth, fouling the raised pile threads.

In the construction shown in Figures 3 and 4 the forward ends 6 of the hooks are cranked or offset laterally and the hooks may be passed into the lash of pile threads by a longitudinal motion without any lateral or angular movement of the hook, but before they are withdrawn either the hooks or the pile threads are given a lateral movement or an angular movement so as to cause the pile threads to engage over the hooks.

In this construction the forward part 6 of each hook is disposed in a plane which is parallel to the plane of the shank 7 but is spaced away therefrom to one side or the other, the parts 6 and 7 being connected by a cranked neck.

lVith hooks of this type in order to allow Losses of. be necessary clearance for the cranked or offset heads of the hooks, when the reed beats up the weft the dents of the reed may be recessed as is described in our said prior speciiication No. 1363,8556.

Figures 5 and 6 are end views of a hook of similar construction to that shown in Figures 1 and 2, i. e. the underside is recessed at the forward end so as to form what is virtually a crank.

In the construction shown in Figures 5 and 6, however, the upturned part 8 of the hook is canted or inclined relatively to the )lane of the shank portion 9 so that when the hook is given a turning movement about the axis a-b before entering the lash the upturned part 8 assumes a substantially vertical position so that it will pass readily between the threads.

It is to be understood that all of the constructions of hooks in accordance with the present invention are intended to be used in looms where the hooks are normally exterior to the lash formed by the raised pile threads and have a reci 'irocating movement in and out of the lash.

Further, in operating the loom having our improved hooks it is to be understood that the threads forming the lash may be moved laterally by any of the means described in our prior PatentNo. 1,463,886 orby any other means either before the hoo 1.: enter the lash orwhile the hooks are engaging in the lash or after the hooks have been withdrawn from the lash.

hat we claim then is 1. Pile forming mechanism for looms including hook members extending longitudinally of the pile warps and each having a substantially straight shank portion adapted to be arranged substantially centrally with respect to its group of pile threads, the under part of said straight shank portion adjacent the hook having a warp-engaging surface. offset upwardly and out of alignment with respect to the corresponding surface of the rest of said straight shank portion.

2. Pile forming mechanism .for looms including hook members extending longitudinally of the pile warps and each having a shank portion adapted to be arranged substantially centrally with respect to its group of pile threads, the part of said shank portion adjacent the hook being offset by cutting away the lower edge thereof, whereby when the hook is turned laterally about its lower edge as an axis the offset part of its lower edge is thrown to one side of its group of pile threads.

3. Pile forming mechanism for looms including hook members extending longitudinally of the pile warps and each having a shank portion adapted to be arranged substantiallly centrally with respect to its group of pile threads, the part of said shank por-' tion adjacent the hook being offset by cutting member 'is turned laterally, said point poraway the lower edge thereof, whereby when tion is brought into a substantially Vertical 1 the hook is turned laterally about its lower position, enabling it to pass freely into the edge as an axis the ofi'set part of its lower lash. I edge is thrown to one side of its group of In Witness whereof We afiix our signatures. pile threads, said hook member also having a i an upwardly projecting point portion which JOHN ERNEST GROSVENOR.

is canted laterally, whereby when said hook WILLIAM THOMAS PICKING. 

